MCB protocol description

Frame

The transmitted frame through SPI is composed of the following fields:

• Header. It includes the master and slave commands.

• Config data. Contains data from configuration access. If data is higher than 4 words, fragmentation is applied (see below).

• Cyclic data. Contains data from cyclic access. This field is by default disabled.

• CRC. CRC-CCITT (XModem) polynomial is used.
  

  CRC parameter	Value
  Width	16 bits
  Polynomial	0x1021
  Initial value (seed)	0x0000

  
  

Configuration access

Configuration access is the name used to identify acyclic/asynchronous requests from master to slave. This access type doesn't use the cyclic data field.

In configuration state, only configuration frames are allowed:

Register addressing

The address field from the header is used to indicate the register to be accessed of the servo drive dictionary.

The maximum supported registers are 2048 (11 bits) so the first bit of the field (bit number 12) is reserved for future use and must be kept to 0.

Commands

The protocol is based on master-slave communication and all the commands sent by a master are confirmed by the slave, indicating the result of the operation. SPI interface transmits the master and slave messages at the same instant and clock rate. Therefore, idle ("dummy") frames are required by master and slave, so every configuration request is composed of 2 frames: request from master to slave, and reply from slave to master.

Next diagram shows how a configuration access is executed:

The IRQ signal indicates the status of the slave device:

• A high level means that the slave is ready for receiving a new message from the master.

• A low level means that the slave is processing data and its output buffer is empty, so if the master tries to send a config request, the slave reply will contain unkown data.

So the master must wait until slave IRQ becomes high before initiating any transmission.

A configuration request is divided into different commands that are classified as master or slave commands:

Master commands

• Read Access 0b001. It is used to get a value from a drive register. Slave must reply with an ACK or Error on read (see below).

  Simple read example

  Read access to register 0x10

  Header			Config data	CRC
  Address	Command	Pending frame
  0x010	0b001	0	0	0xA922
  0x01020000000000000000A922

  
  

  
  

• Write Access 0b010. It is used to set a value of a drive register. Slave must reply with an ACK or Error on write (see below).

  Simple write example

  Write access to register 0x10

  Header			Config data	CRC
  Address	Command	Pending frame
  0x010	0b010	0	0x0006000000000000	0x528F
  0x01040006000000000000528F

  
  

  
  

• Get info command 0b000. It is used to obtain all the information of a register available on the MCB slave. Slave will reply with an ACK or Error . Data field from slave is coded in the next way:

  LSB (bits)	0..7	8..13	14..15	16..18	18..63	MSB (bits)
  	Size	Data type	Cyclic type	Access type	Reserved
  	Number of bytes	INT16 → 0	Config → 0	READ → 3
  		UINT16 → 1
  		INT32 → 2	Cyclic Tx (drive to master) → 1	WRITE → 5
  		UINT32 → 3
  		FLOAT → 4	Cyclic Rx (master to drive) → 2	READ/WRITE → 7
  		STRING → 5

  
  

  Get info example

  Getting information of register 0x011

  Master request

  Header			Config data	CRC
  Address	Command	Pending frame
  0x011	0b000	0	0x0000000000000000	0x7FB5
  0x011000000000000000007FB5

  Slave reply

  Header			Config data	CRC
  Address	Command	Pending frame
  0x011	0b011	0	0x4102000300000000	0x28C1
  0x0116410200030000000028C1

  
  

  
  

• Idle command 0b111. It is used every time the master needs to send a frame without any configuration access.

Slave commands

• ACK access 0b011. Indicates that the request has been processed correctly.

  Simple read example

  Successful reply to read access on register 0x10

  Header			Config data	CRC
  Address	Command	Pending frame
  0x010	0b011	0	0x0006000000000000	0x94E8
  0x0106000600000000000094E8

  
  

  
  

• Error on read 0b101. Indicates that the read request has not been executed correctly. Config data includes an error code to indicate the reason.

  Simple error on read

  Error reply to read access on register 0x10

  Header			Config data	CRC
  Address	Command	Pending frame
  0x010	0b101	0	0x0607001000000000	0x304C
  0x01090607001000000000304C

  
  

  
  

• Error on write 0b110. Indicates that the read request has not been executed correctly. Config data includes an error code to indicate the reason.

  Simple error on write

  Error reply to write access on register 0x10

  Header			Config data	CRC
  Address	Command	Pending frame
  0x010	0b110	0	0x0607001000000000	0x4780
  0x010C06070010000000004780

  
  

  
  

• Idle command 0b111. It is used to indicate that slave reply is still being processed. It is used if configuration access is done when cyclic mode is enabled.

Error access codes

The possible error codes when a wrong access is detected are:

Data field

Data field contains the data from a read or write request. It is sent word by word (independent of the used physical layer) and in LSW (least significant word first). Whenever it is possible, the words are sent in MSB (Most significant bit first).

Fragmentation

If the data field is higher than 4 words (for example for ID registers that contain strings) the message might be fragmented. 

A configuration frame is divided into the needed number of configuration frames. All the frames, except the last one, set the pending frame bit indicating to the remote device that there are more frames to be read.

Cyclic access

Cyclic access is the name used to identify cyclic/synchronous data exchange between master and slave. This access type uses the whole MCB frame and is only possible in the cyclic state. Even in cyclic state, the size of the frame remains fixed.

Register addressing

In order to obtain the maximum efficiency of the transmission, the addressing of the cyclic data is done "offline".

On the other hand, the addressing of the config data is the same as described in the Configuration access section (above).

Commands

Cyclic data is not attached to any command. On every SPI transmission there is data from slave and master transferred at the same time:

Configuration data is attached to the same commands described in Configuration access section (above). However, when cyclic data is enabled, the sequence request-reply follows a different flow than the described above:

• Header and config data field works exactly as in configuration access.

• Cyclic data is exchanged cyclically to allow an external master to implement high-level control loops or complex profiles. Therefore cyclic access is faster than configuration access.
  Then if the master sends a configuration request when cyclic mode is active, the slave reply might contain an empty configuration frame because it needs more time to process it.
  Next diagram shows the workflow in case the configuration request cannot be replied in the next cyclic frame:
  
  

• If there isn't a configuration frame to be sent, the master must send idle commands to indicate to the slave that there is nothing to process.

Why config frame is still sent in cyclic mode?

Config access is needed to enable and disable the cyclic mode (change MCB state). Furthermore, other configuration registers might be modified during cyclic operation.

Enabling cyclic state

Cyclic state is enabled by a special procedure. It consists of sending a command to a reserved dictionary register named communication state register. Then the drive performs several checkings looking at the mapped registers and finally modifies the expected frame size.

The communication state register is located at the address 0x640 and it accepts two possible values:

What does it mean mapped registers?

The key point of the cyclic access is that the drive doesn't need to process the header of the frame. A previous configuration of the cyclic data is done during the cyclic mode activation. A set of reserved dictionary registers are used to indicate to the network which register values are expected to be into the cyclic data field. This procedure is named mapping procedure (explained below).

Mapping procedure (enable cyclic state)

The exact steps are:

1. Disable cyclic access if enabled.
   Set register 0x640 (communication state) to 1 to disable cyclic access.
   
   

2. Write the desired cyclic mapping registers.
   Rx mapping registers (from master to slave) start at address 0x651 to 0x65F.
   Tx mapping registers (from slave to master) start at address 0x661 to 0x66F.
   The value to be written should be 32 bits and should have the following structure:

   MSWord	LSWord
   Register size (in bytes)	Register address

   
   

   When writing those registers the drive will check if the register address exists and if the size matches with the provided one. If not, an error will be returned and the object will not be mapped.

   
   

   Example

   We want the following mapping:

   • Rx direction:

     • 1st register: Register 0x038 that occupies 2 words (4 bytes).

     • 2nd register: Register 0x456 that occupies 1 word.

   • Tx direction:

     • 1st register: Register 0x205 that occupies 2 words.

   The mapping should be as follows:

   • 0x651 = 0x00040038.

   • 0x652 = 0x00020456.

   • 0x661 = 0x00040205.

   
   

3. Write number of entries of mapped registers to let the drive know how many registers should be processed.
   Rx mapped registers: 0x650.
   Tx mapped registers: 0x660.

   Example

   Following the above example, number of mapped registers will be:

   • 0x650 = 2.

   • 0x660 = 1.

   When mapping the drive will check if the register address exists and if the size matches with the provided one. If not, an error will be returned and the object will not be mapped.

   
   

4. Enable cyclic access by setting register 0x640 to 2.

   A validation of the current mapping configuration will be performed. If it is considered valid, the communications will allow cyclic access messages. Otherwise an error will be returned and the drive will remain in configuration access mode.

   
   

   The drive will reply the 0x640 write request using the config access frame. Once is replied, size of the frame will change to the cyclic one. This is critical in interfaces such as SPI where the reply is sent using a idle frame from the master.

   Master must wait for the drive reply before changing to cyclic access mode to verify that the new mode has been reached correctly.

   
   

Disabling cyclic state (returning to config state)

1. Disable cyclic access.
   Set register 0x640 (communication state) to 1 to disable cyclic access.
   This command will be sent as a configuration access.

2. Continue sending cyclic frames until the configuration response (an ACK) of the register 0x640 is received.

3. Just after receiving the ACK for the state change, the slave will be in config state, so no more cyclic frames can be sent from now on.

4. As now we are in config state, send config frames.

These steps can be shown in the next diagram: